Email: academia@cml.pt
3 to 12 of September 2024 Tuesdays to thursdays, from 7pm Price Live € 180 (full course) Note: In the live course attendance per module will not be possible, only full course. Online € 100 (full course) € 30 (per module)
APresented from an art historical perspective, this course will provide an introduction to the trade of porcelain produced in China for the export market from the 16th to 18th centuries, during the late Ming (1368–1644) and the early Qing (1644–1912) dynasties, to understand some of the first commercial and artistic interactions that occurred between the East and West in the Early Modern period. The course will be structured in four modules with lectures devoted to the presentation and discussion of the porcelain production at Jingdezhen, situated in Jiangxi province – where the Imperial kilns produced porcelain for the Emperor and his court, and privately-owned kilns produced porcelain for both the domestic and export markets – and at Zhangzhou and Dehua, situated in the southern coastal province of Fujian, as well as the long-distance networks of commerce through which porcelain circulated to the West and Japan and the ways in which it was acquired and used, while exploring its social, economic, cultural and symbolic importance. The final lecture will highlight the complex processes of cultural and artistic interaction that occurred during these three centuries. A selection of surviving porcelain pieces made to order at private kilns in Jingdezhen, Zhangzhou and Dehua for the European market, which are among the most interesting porcelains to have been produced in China during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, will illustrate how the special orders influenced porcelain production and how the tastes and specific requirements of the European customers changed over time. Besides textual and visual sources relating to the trade in Chinese export porcelain, the lectures will present a vast quantity of material yielded from both marine and terrestrial archaeological sites in China, Europe, the Americas, the Caribbean and Japan.
Registration is limited and mandatory.
For registration or more information.
12h - 4 sessions of 3h00
3 to 12 of September 2024 Tuesdays and Thursdays, from 7pm
Live € 180 (full course) Note: In the live course, attendance per module will not be possible, only full course.
Online € 30 (per module) € 100 (full course)
Cabral Moncada Leilões Rua Miguel Lupi, 12 D, 1200-725 Lisbon
3rd of September - 7pm - exclusively online* (live streaming) Módule 1 Ming dynasty, 16th and early 17th centuries ─── 5th of September - 7pm - exclusively online* (live streaming) Módule 2 Qing dynasty, late 17th and 18th centuries ─── 10th of September - 7pm - live or online Módule 3 The Iberian trade in Chinese porcelain, 16th to 18th centuries ─── 12th of September - 7pm - live or online Módule 4 European influence on Chinese porcelain, 16th to 18th centuries
*Modules 1 and 2 will be taught exclusively online, with the possibility, for those who wish, to attend the projection of the respective Modules at Headquarters from Academia Cabral Moncada Leilões.
Professor Teresa Canepa
An independent researcher and lecturer in Chinese and Japanese export art of the 16th and 17th centuries, Teresa Canepa completed a PhD in Art History at Leiden University, The Netherlands (2015), and a MA in Fine and Decorative Art at Sotheby’s Institute, London (2000). She is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society in London, a member of the Council of the Oriental Ceramic Society (OCS) in London and co-editor of the OCS Newsletter since 2017, and has been recently appointed Visiting Professor at the School of International Studies of the Jingdezhen Ceramic University in Jingdezhen, China. The main focus of her current research is the production of Chinese porcelain for the domestic and export markets in the 17th century, during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. She is the author of two books, Silk, Porcelain and Lacquer: China and Japan and their trade with Western Europe and the New World, 1500-1600 (Paul Holberton Publishing, London, 2016), and Jingdezhen to the World: The Lurie Collection of Chinese Export Porcelain from the Late Ming Dynasty (Ad Ilissvm, London, 2019), and co-author with Katharine Butler of the book Leaping the Dragon Gate. The Sir Michael Butler Collection of 17th-Century Chinese Porcelain (Ad Ilissvm, London, 2021). She has lectured and published widely both nationally and internationally on these subjects.
MODULE 1 exclusively online* (live streaming) Ming dynasty, 16th and early 17th centuries This first introductory lecture will begin with a brief overview of the production of Chi- nese porcelain for the export market from the Tang (618–907) to Ming dynasties. It will discuss a few individual pieces of porcelain which are known to have arrived to Europe in the Middle Ages and Renaissance along the famous overland route, the Silk Road, or by ship through the Persian Gulf or Red Sea to Turkey, Egypt and Venice. The focus will be on the export porcelain produced in the 16th and early 17th centuries, during the reigns of the Ming Emperors Zhengde (1506–21) to Chongzhen (1628–44), offering an insight into the European expansion to Asia at the time, via both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, which ultimately led to an unprecedented large-scale trade, transport and consumption of porcelain throughout the world until the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644. This will shed light on the various types and decorative techniques of the porcelain from the pri- vate kilns of Jingdezhen and Zhangzhou which were imported, used and appreciated by different societies in Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Middle East. A few Jingdezhen porcelains will be discussed that reflect the great innovative spirit of the highly skilled porcelain potters and painters from a selected group of private kilns at a time when they were released from the severe controls of Imperial Ming patronage after the closure of the Imperial kilns in 1608 during the reign of Emperor Wanli (1573–1620), and could thus create new shapes and decorative styles that appealed specifically to different private markets, both domestic and export.
MODULE 2 exclusively online* (live streaming) Qing dynasty, late 17th and 18th centuries The second lecture will focus on the Chinese porcelain produced for export in the late 17th and 18th centuries, during the first reigns of the subsequent Qing dynasty. It will briefly discuss how the trade on export porcelain was severely disrupted by a state of crisis and civil unrest, and the wars against the Manchus in the months prior to the fall of the Ming dynasty, and by the bans on maritime trade issued in the reign of the first Qing Emperor, Shunzhi (1644–61) and in the subsequent reign of Emperor Kangxi (1661–1721). And how after an industrial Imperial kiln complex was properly organized in Jingdezhen in 1683 to supply porcelain for the Kangxi Emperor and Imperial patronage was restored, there was an innovative approach to shapes, decorative techniques and styles of painting at the private kilns. Porcelain pieces will be discussed to illustrate how the Jingdezhen potters regained the various export markets they had lost, producing a wide range of porcelains that responded swiftly to the shifting tastes, culinary traditions and social habits of their increasingly demanding customers in Europe, the Americas, India and the Middle East. These Jingdezhen export porcelains, as well as those produced at the south- ern kilns of Dehua, were now competing with export porcelain from Japan (first pro- duced in about 1620). It will be shown that by the late 17th century, a wide variety of Chi- nese porcelain objects were imported into Europe, the Americas and the Caribbean for the preparation and consumption of three new hot beverages – tea, coffee and chocolate – which had become fashionable and were drank in both public and private spaces. And that by the end of the century, porcelain dinner services of up to about 500 pieces of various types came into fashion and came to be ordered in increasingly large quantities in the 18th century.
MODULE 3 live or online The Iberian trade in Chinese porcelain, 16th to 18th centuries The third lecture will examine the important role played by the Portuguese – the first Europeans to arrive in Asia – in importing regularly and in large quantities Chinese por- celain, mostly made for export, to Europe from the early 16th century. It will briefly dis- cuss how the Portuguese royal court, assuming an intermediary role between East and West, spread a taste for acquiring and collecting porcelain, and created a demand for it in Europe. Related by marriage, the Spanish royal court also brought a taste for porcelain among relatives at other European courts, among the clergy, and the nobility and afflu- ent merchants in the Southern Netherlands (then ruled by Spain). It will be shown that the demand for this novel material spread quickly and drastically changed the way in which people ate and drank in Europe and the Americas, as well as they decorated their households in Europe. Particular emphasis will be given to the presentation of the vari- ous types of porcelains that were exported to Portugal via Macao, to Spain via Manila, and to the Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas, to show how their shapes and decorative styles changed over time.
MODULE 4 live or online European influence on Chinese porcelain, 16th to 18th centuries The final module will briefly discuss a wide variety of porcelain pieces dating from the 16th to 18th centuries that reflect European influence. These porcelains were made to order at the private kilns of Jingdezhen, Zhangzhou and Dehua and were decorated with European motifs or made after European metal and/or ceramic shapes. The earliest known pieces, made at Jingdezhen for the Portuguese market during the reign of Emperor Zhengde (1506–21), combine traditional Chinese motifs with European motifs related to the Portuguese Crown, nobility and Church, and Portuguese and Latin inscriptions. A few extant pieces will show that the demand for this specially ordered porcelain spread quickly. By the end of the 16th century it was being made to order for the Spanish market, and by the early 17th century for the Dutch and German markets. And by the end of the century, some of the dinner services and coffee and tea sets ordered from Jingdezhen by English, Dutch and French traders included pieces made after European shapes and/or decorated with European coats of arms or crests, or figural scenes based on European prints and drawings. In the 18th century, increasingly large quantities of such pieces with a variety of decorative techniques and painting styles were imported into Europe.