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118

MASTER OF THE SAINT CHRISTOPHER RETABLE (ATTRIBUTED) "Saint Roch - Stay in Piacenza and forest retreat" oil on board, 16th C. (1540-60) Dim. - 144 x 106 cm Notes: This painting depicts one of the steps of the life and legend of St. Roch - "Stay in Piacenza and forest retreat." Would most probably originally integrated a retable which would include three more paintings - in the likeness of another, earlier, also dedicated to St. Roch, made circa 1520, that integrated the primitive hermitage of Saint Roch, in Lisbon, erected in 1515, where today stands the Church of Saint Roch, of the Society of Jesus, in Lisbon - and which is preserved today in the Museum of Saint Roch. Like the retable of the Museum of Saint Roch, also this one would consist of four paintings representing successively the "Nativity and adolescence of Saint Roch"; "Miraculous healing of the Cardinal and recognition of the Pope"; "Stay in Piacenza and forest retreat"; and the "Imprisonment and beatific death of Saint Roch". Of this retable was only known, so far, the existence of one of the steps - the "Imprisonment and death of saint Roch" - which is preserved in the National Museum of Ancient Art, in Lisbon (Invº n.º 1900 Pint.) and that, having entered the Museum in 1912, certainly came of the of all church property nationalized by the Government of the Republic in 1911. The painting in question, considered in conjunction with the one in the NMAA, suggests the existence of a second altarpiece dedicated to St. Roch, commanded, a few decades later, for as yet unknown location. Saint Roch was born in Montpellier between 1346 and 1350 and died in his hometown or, according to others, in Voghera (Lombardy) between 1376 and 1379. Thaumaturger and Saint of the Catholic Church he was mainly invoked as a protector against the plague and patron of invalids and surgeons, being venerated since the late Middle Ages. His life was diffused through two biographies written in the late fifteenth century - "Vita Sancti Rocchi", Venice, 1478, authored by Francesco Diedo and "Vie, Legend, miracles et orasion Mgr Saint Roch", Paris, 1494, authored by Jean Phelipot. In Portugal, the oldest known representation is the four boards of the Museum of Saint Roch. In each of them, ingeniously, the author put two excerpts from the life of St. Roch. This is a work which may be filiate in the Portuguese painting of the first quarter of the sixteenth century, still stuck in late-medieval models. In the two boards that are known of this second retable - the one in the NMAA and the one that we treat - the theme is treated in the same way, there are reasons for stating that the painter of the second retable knew the first and it was inspired by it, having José Alberto Carvalho Seabra highlighted in relation to the first, "... the fact that she transpose with extreme accuracy the composition of the fourth panel of the series of the legend of St. Roch of the old Manueline hermitage ". However, away from the copy, the artist of the second retable, painted in the mid-sixteenth century, modernized representation of characters and scenarios, updating them for a taste of the typical Renaissance reign of D. João III (1502-1521-1557). Both depicts one of the steps of the life of St. Roch - "Stay in Piacenza and forest retreat": at first Saint Roch, faced with an outbreak of plague, is dedicated to the victims; infected by the disease, is forced to withdraw from the ward pestiferous. Secondly, Saint Roch is represented in the forest, where he was healed by an angel, which imposed him a miraculous balm on the wounds, and fed by a dog, which daily brought him bread, and is also accompanied by a benefactor whose identity is still unknown. According to Prof. Dr. Vítor Serrão, this panel will be unprecedented and its author is an anonymous master, regarded as follower of Garcia Fernandes and his disciple, known by Manuel André, which also could be called by the Master of Saint Christopher Retable, active in Lisbon between 1540 and 1560, and as such, contemporary of Diogo Contreiras and Garcia Fernandes. To him are you also attributed the boards of the old retable of the church of Saint Christopher of Lisbon (on deposit in reserves NMAA), three other paintings coming from the Carmo convent, of Moura (where they are), a series of boards existing in the Museum of Óbidos ("Calvary", "Virgin with the Child Jesus" and two predellas "Saints"), a picture in a private collection "Virgin with the Child Jesus and St. Anne", plus a "Death of the Virgin," also exists in a private collection . Cabral Moncada Leilões notes and appreciates the availability and support of Doctors Vítor Serrão, José Alberto Seabra Carvalho and Joaquim Oliveira Caetano. bibliography: - "A Ermida Manuelina de São Roque", Catálogo da Exposição realizada no Museu de São Roque. Lisboa: Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, 1999. - CARVALHO, José Alberto Seabra - ""Que hacen los conservadores?" - a propósito do incomodativo problema da existência de mestres desconhecidos nas tabelas dos museus". In Revista de História de Arte, nº 8, pp. 139-151. Lisboa: Instituto de História de Arte da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2011.

Dimensões (altura x comprimento x largura) - 144 x 106 cm

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